Cholecystokinin - This is abbreviated as CCK. It is secreted from the mucosa of the duodenum. It's function is to stimulated the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes. It also suppresses hunger.
Gastric Inhibitory Protein (GIP) - This protein induces insulin secretion from the pancreas.
Somatostatin - This peptide is secreted in three places in the body: the stomach, the small intestine, and the pancreas. It reduces the secretion of HCl from the parietal cells in the stomach. It also prevents the release of gastrin, secretin, insulin and histamine.
Brunner's Glands - These are the glands found in the submucosa layer of the duodenum. It produces an alkaline secretion in the duodenum to protect it from the low pH of the chyme coming from the stomach along with neutralize it, activate the intestinal enzymes, and to lubricate the walls.
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